What is a target-date fund?

A target-date fund is a single fund that holds a ready-made mix of stocks, bonds, and cash and automatically shifts that mix over time as a chosen target year approaches — usually the year you expect to retire.

The glide path

The pre-set schedule that moves the fund from mostly stocks toward more bonds and cash over the years is called the glide path. The idea is to carry more growth-oriented risk when the target date is decades away and there is time to recover, and less as the date nears. It automates the asset-allocation and rebalancing decisions an investor would otherwise make by hand.

What to check before assuming they are interchangeable

Two funds with the same target year can behave quite differently: glide paths vary (some keep more stock exposure at the target date than others), and so do expense ratios — the annual fee still applies and still compounds. The target year is a convenience label, not a guarantee, and the fund can still lose value, especially in the years right around the target.

Who they are aimed at

Target-date funds make a whole diversified portfolio a one-decision purchase, which is why they are common defaults in workplace retirement plans such as a 401(k). They trade fine-grained control for simplicity. This is educational content, not investment advice, and availability and rules vary by provider and jurisdiction.

Frequently asked questions

What is a target-date fund?

It is one fund holding a diversified mix of stocks, bonds, and cash that automatically grows more conservative as a chosen target year — usually a retirement year — approaches.

What is a glide path?

The glide path is the pre-set schedule that moves the fund from mostly stocks toward more bonds and cash over the years, carrying more risk when the target is far off and less as it nears.

Are two funds with the same target year the same?

Not necessarily. Glide paths and expense ratios differ between providers, so two same-year funds can carry different risk and cost. The target year is a label, not a guarantee about returns.

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Educational research only — not investment advice.